The presidential election, in which neither candidate reached the required threshold of 55%, went to a second round of voting, in which Julius Maada Bio was elected with 51% of the vote. The most populous district, by far, is the Western Urban District. Nyagua (c. 18421906), also known as the "Tracking King", was a fierce king who captured many districts and many people came to join him for protection. While the district councils are under the oversight of their respective provincial administrations, the municipalities are directly overseen by the Ministry of Local Government & Community Development and thus administratively independent of district and provincial administrations. It is listed among countries of concern for emissions, as having Low Forest Cover with High Rates of Deforestation (LFHD). The president of the United Council of Imam is Sheikh Alhaji Muhammad Habib Sheriff. [189][190][191][192][193] Other Christian Protestant denominations with significant presence in the country include Presbyterians,[194] Baptists,[195] Seventh-day Adventists[196] Anglicans,[197] Lutherans,[198][199] and Pentecostals. They continue to be influential in the civil service. [52], On 1 January 1808, Thomas Ludlam, the Governor of the Sierra Leone Company and a leading abolitionist, surrendered the company's charter. The ratio of men and women in Bo District, Sierra Leone. [156] The majority of the population relies on biomass fuels for their daily survival, with firewood and coal used most prevalently. Momoh broke from former President Siaka Stevens by integrating the powerful SSD into the Sierra Leone Police as a special paramilitary force. The first of the 6,000-member force began arriving in December, and the UN Security Council voted in February 2000 to increase the force to 11,000, and later to 13,000. In December 2005, UN peacekeeping forces pulled out of Sierra Leone. The park is home to elephants, hippos, buffaloes, and many chimpanzees its also listed as a protected area by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). Surveys of the religious make up of Sierra Leone vary widely, though Muslims make up the majority of the population. They designated chiefs as units of local government, rather than dealing with them individually as had been the previous practice. A new constitution was adopted in 1971, paving the way for Sierra Leone becoming a republic, and Siaka Stevens, leader of the All People's Congress (APC), becoming the first executive president of the Republic of Sierra Leone. The discussions eventually concluded with key stakeholders, including Bio's administration and the UN, agreeing that while efforts in finding a peaceful solution to ending the war should continue, a general election should be held as soon as possible. They founded Birchtown, but faced harsh northern winters and racial discrimination from nearby Shelburne. This means that no airline registered in Sierra Leone may operate services of any kind within the European Union. The country is among the top ten diamond producing nations. The SLPP leadership, led by Sir Milton Margai, negotiated with the British and the educated Krio-dominated colony based in Freetown to achieve independence. Sandbars, generally separated by silting lagoons, sometimes form the actual coast. [256], Print media is not widely read in Sierra Leone, especially outside Freetown and other major cities, partially due to the low levels of literacy in the country. But at the equivalent tournament in 2006, Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League, it finished as runner-up to Mozambique, and just missed promotion to Division Two. Njala University was established as the Njala Agricultural Experimental Station in 1910 and became a university in 2005. [55]:34,223255, These Liberated Africans were from many areas of Africa, but principally the west coast. Black settlers were captured by unscrupulous traders and sold as slaves, and the remaining colonists were forced to arm themselves for their own protection. [98] The epidemic occurred as part of the wider Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa. It is estimated that there will be a 30% to 40% cost reduction on solar products with the lack of duties and taxes. Sierra Leone is regarded as one of the most religiously tolerant countries in the world. Home Counties and Regions Maps Sierra Leone Provinces and Districts. Those with access in rural areas were served almost exclusively by protected wells. Bo is located in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone, and the whole urban center is commonly known as Bo Town. Dozens of soldiers loyal to the ousted president Momoh were arrested, including Colonel Kahota M. Dumbuya and Major Yayah Turay. [169][170], According to the World Refugee Survey 2008, published by the US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Sierra Leone had a population of 8,700 refugees and asylum seekers at the end of 2007. Bo was then the capital of the British Protectorate of Sierra Leone until the country gained independence in 1961. There are several systems of transport in Sierra Leone, which has a road, air and water infrastructure, including a network of highways and several airports. Sierra Leone is known for its blood diamonds that were mined and sold to diamond conglomerates during the civil war, to buy the weapons that fuelled its atrocities. The city had a population of 34,079 in the 2004 census and a 2013 estimate of 40,000. One of the most popular tourist destinations in Sierra Leone is located in this province: Outamba-Kilimi National Park. Islam and Christianity are the two main religions in the country. Bo District Bombali District Bonthe District Kailahun District Kambia District Kenema District Koinadugu District Kono District Moyamba District [61] The British established Fourah Bay College in 1827, which rapidly became a magnet for English-speaking Africans on the West Coast. In eastern Sierra Leone the plateau is interspersed with high mountains, where Mount Bintumani reaches 1,948m (6,391ft), the highest point in the country. The Eastern Province is the center of the countrys diamond mining industry. [131] Typically, chiefs have the power to "raise taxes, control the judicial system, and allocate land, the most important resource in rural areas. In the map below, youll be able to see the borders of all 16 districts in Sierra Leone. Kenema is also governed by an elected city council and headed by a Mayor. In the north, from 1820 to 1906, there was a Limba chief named Almamy Suluku who ruled his territory for many years, fighting to protect his territory, while at the same time using diplomacy to trick the protectorate administrators while sending fighters to assist Bai Bureh, a prominent Temne chief in Kasseh who was fighting against the imposition of the "hut tax" by the colonial administrators. [96] The epidemic also led to the Ouse to Ouse Tock in September 2014, a nationwide three-day quarantine. [17], The geographic area has been inhabited for millennia, but Sierra Leone, as the country and its borders are known today, was founded by the British Crown in two phases: first, the coastal Sierra Leone Colony in 1808 (for returning Africans after the abolition of slavery); second, the inland Protectorate in 1896 (as the Crown needed to establish more dominion inland following the outcome of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885). [115] Bio defeated Samura Kamara of the ruling All People's Congress (APC) in the country's tightly contested 2018 presidential election. [88] The situation has improved considerably since then with primary school enrolment doubling between 2001 and 2005 and the reconstruction of many schools since the end of the war. Eventually, "Elections before Peace" won the debate. [39], In January 1787, the Atlantic and the Belisarius set sail for Sierra Leone, but bad weather forced them to divert to Plymouth, during which time about 50 passengers died. Diamond mining has been an important part of Sierra Leones history since diamonds were discovered here in the 1930s. Population data comes from the most recent census conducted in the country in 2015. Please select the style of the location map in the table below. These provinces are then divided into 16 districts, which are further divided into 190 chiefdoms. Sierra Leone's former defense minister Alfred Paolo Conteh is an ethnic Limba. In 1808, Sierra Leone became a British crown colony, ruled under a colonial governor. The taxes were often higher than the value of the dwellings, and 24 chiefs signed a petition to Cardew, stating how destructive this was; their people could not afford to take time off from their subsistence agriculture. The coast has areas of low-lying Guinean mangroves swamp. 2004 saw a population of four million, nine hundred and seventy-six thousand eight hundred and seventy-one (4,976,871) and in the 2015 census Sierra Leone recorded a total population of seven million and ninety-two thousand, one hundred and thirteen (7,092,113), the last census before the latest mid-term population and housing census which indicated a total of eight hundred and forty-three thousand two hundred and fifty-four (843,254) residential buildings, whilst for non-residential a total of seven thousand five hundred and three ( 7,503). Of that 12%, 10% was in the capital Freetown, and the remaining 90% of the country used 2% of the nation's electricity. The next few years under the Momoh administration were characterised by corruption, which Momoh defused by sacking several senior cabinet ministers. [79] It is difficult to avoid the economic paralysis in Sierra Leone given that more than half of the population in the country is women. [citation needed]. The current Sierra Leonean Defence Minister is retired Major Alfred Paolo Conteh. [222] Between June and July 2019, the FRCSL trained 1,000 community members from Makeni to be first responders and equipped each trainee with a first aid kit. [184] Shia Islam does not have a strong presence in Sierra Leone, and there are virtually no Shia Muslims in the country. Sierra Leone's Freetown is a favourite destination for tourists. As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases. [209] In numbers, females present a lower per cent (6.3) versus males (15.2) when it comes to be paid employees. Several prominent members of the Momoh government who had been in detention at the Pa Demba Road prison, including former inspector general of police Bambay Kamara, were also executed.[91]. In 1967, riots broke out in Freetown against Margai's policies; in response he declared a state of emergency across the country. [72][73], On the conclusion of talks in London on 4 May 1960, the United Kingdom agreed to grant Sierra Leone independence on 27 April 1961. Cut off from their various homelands and traditions, the Liberated Africans were forced to assimilate to the Western styles of Settlers and Maroons. In the southern region of the North West Province is Sierra Leones only international airport, which lies just across the Sierra Leone River from Freetown, the nations capital. The president is elected by popular vote to a maximum of two five-year terms. [24], The country takes its name from the Lion Mountains near Freetown. Reference Location: Bombali District, Sierra Leone. Authorities have been slow to implement reforms in the civil service, and the pace of the privatisation programme is also slackening and donors have urged its advancement. The overwhelming majority of Sierra Leonean Muslims, are adherent to the Sunni tradition of Islam in practice. Sir Milton Margai became Sierra Leone's first prime minister. The president appoints and heads a cabinet of ministers, which must be approved by the Parliament. Koroma was re-elected president for a second (and final) term in November 2012. He removed the SLPP party from competitive politics in general elections, some believed, through the use of violence and intimidation. As the Krio language is spoken by 90% of the country's population,[103][167] it unites all the different ethnic groups, especially in their trade and interaction with each other. Several religious funded TV stations operate intermittently. The Fula are primarily traders, and many live in middle-class homes. In the west, Sierra Leone has some 400km (249mi) of Atlantic coastline, giving it both bountiful marine resources and attractive tourist potential. Kenema is the most populated district in Sierra Leone, according to the preliminary report of the final result of the Mid-Term Census report released by Statistics Sierra Leone (Stats SL) last week. The ACRM junta arrested many senior NRC members. UNITED NATIONS INTEGRATED PEACEBUILDING OFFICE IN SIERRA LEONE. The district has the highest percentage, a total of 10.2%, making it the most populated in the country. The other ethnic groups included Themnes, Sherbros, Yalunkas and Soso were believed to have originated from the Upper Guinea Coast, whilst the Mendes were believed to have originated from the Mande Ethnic Group from the Mali Empire led by Queen Massarico. Bonthe is one of the sixteen districts of Sierra Leone. The Western Area is divided into two districts. Its capital, Falaba, was on the rich trading routes leading to the coast. Bo is also headed by a mayor and governed by the city council. They are locally known as Sierra Leonean-Lebanese. [72][73], On 27 April 1961, Sir Milton Margai led Sierra Leone to independence from Great Britain and became the country's first Prime Minister. The Mandinka are predominantly found in the east and the northern part of the country. [71] In 1953, Sierra Leone was granted local ministerial powers and Margai was elected Chief Minister of Sierra Leone. Some claim that Magburaka should be included in the above list, but there is considerable difference among sources. Supreme executive authority rests in the president and members of his cabinet and judicial power with the judiciary of which the Chief Justice of Sierra Leone is the head. Both genders experienced and were involved in high levels of violence. Stevens is generally criticised for dictatorial methods and government corruption, but on a positive note, he kept the country stable and from collapsing into civil war. Bai Sherbro was captured and with Bai Bureh, exiled to the Gold Coast (modern Ghana). A strong free journalistic tradition developed with the creation of several newspapers. Two other commercial TV operators (ABC and AIT) closed after they were not profitable. The national capital Freetown, which makes up the Western Area Urban District, and the other is the Western Area Rural with a main town known as Waterloo, is governed by a directly elected city council headed by a mayor. In the north, it comprises featureless seasonal swamps known as Bolilands (boli being a Temne word for those lands that are flooded in the rainy season and dry and hard in the dry season and on which only grass can grow). The British were the catalyst for the ceasefire that ended the civil war. [64] With this change, the British began to expand their administration in the region, recruiting British citizens to posts and pushing Krios out of positions in government and even the desirable residential areas in Freetown.[64]. Makeni is home to the largest private university in Sierra Leone; University of Makeni and St. Francis Secondary School which is one of Sierra Leone's most prominent schools. [220] The Colony was Freetown and its coastal area; the Protectorate was defined as the hinterland areas dominated by local chiefs. In September 2014 there were many Districts with travel restrictions including Kailahun, Kenema, Bombali, Tonkolili, and Port Loko because of Ebola. Krio (derived from English and several indigenous African languages, and the language of the Sierra Leone Krio people) is the most widely spoken language in virtually all parts of Sierra Leone. Bunce Island, an island on the Sierra Leone River, was used as a base for European slavers as a place for slave ships to dock before sailing via the Middle Passage to the Americas. Sierra Leone is a constitutional republic with a directly elected president and a unicameral legislature. GTV subsequently went out of business, leaving DStv as the only provider of subscription satellite television in the country. Economic Community of West African States, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, some areas around the capital of Sierra Leone, First Responder Coalition of Sierra Leone, Agency for Rural Community Transformation, female genital mutilation in Sierra Leone, "Sierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census National Analytical Report", "GINI index (World Bank estimate) Sierra Leone", "National Electoral Commission Press Release", "Sierra Leone unveils new geographical map", 2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Sierra Leone, "Inter-religious cooperation can be vital asset for rebuilding Sierra Leone UN expert", "The Establishment of the Sierra Leone Protectorate and the Insurrection of 1898", "Transition without Rupture: Sierra Leone's Transfer Election of 1996", "The British Experience in Africa and Oman", "Pedro da intra did not name Sierra Leone: An Exploration into available evidence", Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain, Reconstructing the Life Histories of Liberated Africans: Sierra Leone in the Early Nineteenth Century, https://www.persee.fr/doc/cea_0008-0055_1991_num_31_121_2116, https://www.academia.edu/40720522/A_Precis_of_Sources_relating_to_genealogical_research_on_the_Sierra_Leone_Krio_people, "Reconstructing the Life Histories of Enslaved Africans: Sierra Leone, c. 180819", The International Journal of African Historical Studies, "House of Commons International Development Memoranda", "Sierra Leone Web Sierra Leonean Heroes Achievement of Independence", "Sierra Leone was ripe for Independence: Exclusive interview with Reginald Boltman", "Sierra Leone: Viewpoint Celebrating a New Nation! 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